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The role of 'culture' in apprenticeship completions 17 July 2012
By Tom Karmel, David Roberts

This paper aims to explain the extent to which variation in apprenticeship completion rates can be… Show more

This paper aims to explain the extent to which variation in apprenticeship completion rates can be attributed to factors relating to 'culture' of the employer and apprentice. Show less
Evolution of apprenticeships and traineeships in Australia: … 20 February 2012
By Brian Knight

This occasional paper traces the evolution of Australia's apprenticeship system from European… Show more

This occasional paper traces the evolution of Australia's apprenticeship system from European settlement in 1788 to the present day. It complements an earlier NCVER paper by Ray (2001), which concentrated on the second half of the 20th century. The present paper develops a number of major themes. Show less
Understanding the psychological contract in apprenticeships … 29 November 2011
By Erica Smith, Arlene Walker, Roslin Brennan Kemmis

This research examines the 'psychological contract' or the unwritten expectations of employers and… Show more

This research examines the 'psychological contract' or the unwritten expectations of employers and employees in an employment relationship. The particular aim of this study was to discover whether mismatched expectations have any effect on retention in apprenticeships and traineeships. Overall, there was a very high level of agreement on the obligations of the two major parties and so mismatched Show less
Effect of the downturn on apprentices and trainees 26 September 2011
By Tom Karmel, Damian Oliver

Looking at apprentice and trainee data and employment data back to 1995, we find that declines in… Show more

Looking at apprentice and trainee data and employment data back to 1995, we find that declines in apprentice commencements lead declines in total trades employment by four quarters, whereas declines in trainee commencements appear to lag declines in employment in non-trade occupations. Based on this historical relationship, the reduction in apprentice and trainee numbers suggested a much larger Show less
The impact of wages and the likelihood of employment on the … 27 May 2011
By Tom Karmel, Peter Mlotkowski

This paper updates an earlier paper by Karmel and Mlotkowski and looks at how the probability of… Show more

This paper updates an earlier paper by Karmel and Mlotkowski and looks at how the probability of getting a job, in addition to wages, impacts on completion rates. It finds that for trade apprentices the premium (or extra wage completing an apprenticeship brings) attached to becoming a tradesperson is a significant factor, whereas for non-trade trainees the training wage matters more. It also Show less
Pre-apprenticeship training activity 12 April 2011
By Paul Foley, Davinia Blomberg

This research investigated pre-apprenticeship training in Australia through a variety of research… Show more

This research investigated pre-apprenticeship training in Australia through a variety of research methods—keyword searches, lists of prescribed pre-apprenticeship courses from state and territory contacts, and a unit record enrolment file. An analysis of this data found that there were ten nationally accredited and 24 training package courses with pre-apprenticeship activity. There were Show less
Pre-apprenticeships and their impact on apprenticeship… 31 March 2011
By Damian Oliver, Tom Karmel

Pre-apprenticeship programs have attracted a great degree of interest from employers and training… Show more

Pre-apprenticeship programs have attracted a great degree of interest from employers and training providers as one means of increasing apprentice satisfaction and completion rates, by providing an introduction to the trade. We test this proposition using data from the 2010 Apprentice and Trainee Destination Survey. We find that the impact of pre-apprenticeships varies with occupation and prior Show less
Skill shortages in the trades during economic downturns 18 February 2011
By Damian Oliver

This paper looks at recent economic downturns and finds that there is little convincing evidence of … Show more

This paper looks at recent economic downturns and finds that there is little convincing evidence of persistent skill shortages in the trades. There is no evidence of persistent skill shortages across downturns in the construction, automotive and engineering trades. Declining numbers of apprenticeship completions led to persistent shortages in the electrical trades during the 1990s and 2000s but Show less
Breaking down the barriers: strategies to assist… 13 October 2010
By Sandra Cotton

Apprentices with a learning disability can face significant barriers to completing their training.… Show more

Apprentices with a learning disability can face significant barriers to completing their training. This paper explores what these apprentices, their lecturers and disability support staff see as the most effective strategies for helping them to overcome these difficulties. Instructional approaches which accommodate students' learning styles, individual tutoring and supportive relationships were Show less
Education and happiness in the school-to-work transition 19 April 2010
By Alfred Michael Dockery

Education is generally seen as enhancing people's lives. However, previous research has reported an … Show more

Education is generally seen as enhancing people's lives. However, previous research has reported an inverse relationship between education and happiness or satisfaction with life: as education level goes up, happiness goes down. Using data from the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth (LSAY), this report examines the relationship between education and happiness. The impact of factors such as Show less
How reasons for not completing apprenticeships and… 22 March 2010
By Tom Karmel, Peter Mlotkowski

The NCVER Apprentice and Destination Survey collected, among other things, data on reasons for not… Show more

The NCVER Apprentice and Destination Survey collected, among other things, data on reasons for not completing an apprenticeship or traineeship. This paper finds that poor working conditions or non-sympathetic bosses or workmates have an immediate effect for many. By contrast, the desire to do something different (such as study at university) or better (such as getting a better paid job) remains Show less
Apprenticeships and traineeships in the downturn 6 November 2009
By Tom Karmel, Josie Misko

The purpose of this paper is to describe what we know about apprenticeships and traineeships, with… Show more

The purpose of this paper is to describe what we know about apprenticeships and traineeships, with a view to assessing the likely impact of the current economic downturn on them. Show less
New directions in European vocational education and… 20 July 2009
By Roger Harris, Michele Simons, Katie Maher

In light of recent developments in educational policy and the positioning of vocational education… Show more

In light of recent developments in educational policy and the positioning of vocational education and training (VET) across the European Union, it was timely to explore these new directions and the lessons for Australian VET. Show less
Reasons for training: Why Australian employers train their… 25 May 2009
By Andrew Smith, Eddie Oczkowski, Mark Hill

The report highlights that there is no simple fix to increasing employer investment in training… Show more

The report highlights that there is no simple fix to increasing employer investment in training which has generally not been a core component of long-term business planning. Show less
The cost of training apprentices 6 April 2009
By Lisa Nechvoglod, Tom Karmel, John Saunders

This report examines the costs that both employers and apprentices incur for undertaking training… Show more

This report examines the costs that both employers and apprentices incur for undertaking training in the plumbing and electrical industries. The importance of understanding costs is fundamental. Employers will not take on apprentices if the cost is too high, and prospective apprentices will not undertake an apprenticeship if the future benefits (increased wages) do not outweigh the immediate Show less
The female 'tradie': Challenging employment… 9 February 2009
By Fiona Shewring

The place of women in the manual trades is examined in this paper, which sets out strategies for… Show more

The place of women in the manual trades is examined in this paper, which sets out strategies for encouraging them to study and work in areas such as building and construction. Such strategies include introductory and pre-apprenticeships courses, clustering female students, and support from teachers in opening up job opportunities. This paper is the result of a 2008 NCVER New Researcher Award. Show less
Combining formal, non-formal and informal learning for… 20 October 2008
By Josie Misko

This literature review, undertaken for Australian Industry Group, shows how multiple variations and … Show more

This literature review, undertaken for Australian Industry Group, shows how multiple variations and combinations of formal, informal and non-formal learning, accompanied by various government incentives and organisational initiatives (including job redesign, cross-skilling, multi-skilling, diversified career pathways, action learning projects, quality assurance arrangements, job rotations and Show less
Has employer satisfaction with vocational education and… 30 September 2008
By Louise Brooks, Tomi Awodeyi

This paper investigates large differences in employer satisfaction with vocational education and… Show more

This paper investigates large differences in employer satisfaction with vocational education and training (VET) between 2005 and 2007. Differences in weighted estimates of employer satisfaction are examined in light of sample sizes and the distribution of employers' responses to the Survey of Employer Use and Views of the VET System. Show less
Approaches to measuring and understanding employer training … 18 August 2008
By Andrew Smith, Gerald Burke, Tom Dumbrell, Michael Long

Through an analysis of major surveys, as well as interviews and case studies with firms in four… Show more

Through an analysis of major surveys, as well as interviews and case studies with firms in four industries - construction, retail trade, manufacturing and health and community services, this research brings us closer to an understanding of the factors that influence training expenditure. The research shows that survey data needs to be complemented with a program of research in a number of Show less
Modelling the trades: An empirical analysis of trade… 18 June 2008
By Tom Karmel, Peter Mlotkowski

Trade apprenticeships in Australia from 1967 to 2006 are modelled in this paper. These models are… Show more

Trade apprenticeships in Australia from 1967 to 2006 are modelled in this paper. These models are used to understand how apprentice numbers in the trades respond to changes in labour market conditions. The models also allow commentary on the impact of recent government policy initiatives on trade apprentices. The paper finds that some trade apprenticeships are particularly sensitive to labour Show less

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