This report examines the linkages between innovation and skills development in vocational education and training (VET) across three industry sectors: mining, solar energy and computer gaming. Using a case study approach, the research finds that each of the industry sectors differs in their relationship between innovation and the education and training system. However, the formal VET system is seen as being very important in teaching the underlying skills and knowledge of a vocation. In contrast, informal on-the-job learning imparts the actual skills for innovation, but based on what was learnt formally. The VET system is seen as being slow in responding to new skills needs; however, whether this represents a bad thing is debatable.